buy custom Micro Factors essay

buy custom Micro Factors essay Low staff morale is one of the risks associated with foreign investment in tourism in Cuba. This comes about due to inadequate motivation by foreign companies to their staff. This is a risk because it could reduce efficiency and slow the companies operations. Secondly, worker strikes are another risk encountered. Foreign investors have been known to exploit their workers especially the locals. This could lead to could lead to destruction of the companys property hence jeopardizing its operations (Cunliffe, 2). Secondly according to Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs (1), there are so many health risks brought about by foreigners in the country. Environmental degradation within the region, for example dirty beaches lead a backlash in operations. Negative modifications in the aesthetics of various destinations, regular storms, and carbon emissions are some of other micro risks linked to foreign investment in tourism. Other risks are related to occupation health, drug abuse and alcoholism, prostitution which leads to infectious diseases and also chronic diseases. Mitigation measures Boosting staff morale through good pay, staff holidays and other rewards. Awareness creation; educating both workers and tourists on the need to protect themselves against infectious diseases. Initiative to curb drug and substance abuse. Practicing sustainable /green tourism. Protecting workers against occupation hazards. Buy custom Micro Factors essay

How to Successfully Complete SAT Useful Tips

How to Successfully Complete SAT Useful Tips Sat Test: Ultimate Guidelines SAT is a well-known test among students, and it is surely one of the most important tasks, which influences your future college admission. It is one of the most powerful instruments when entering college. The main difficulty is that most of the students don’t have a clear plan of how to get a high SAT score and prefer leaving everything for the last minute. However, it is not so difficult to get a high score. If you follow our tips, you will create a solid plan for your future preparations and will manage to pass the test with confidence and ease. SAT Definition Scholastic Aptitude Test or Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) is a standardized test in the USA, which is compulsory for students, who want to enter American colleges or universities. This test is created to access skills and knowledge in different areas. For some specialties, you will also have to complete the SAT Subject Test, which is also called SAT I. SAT takes place seven times per year in the USA and four times abroad for students, who want to study in America. This test is held in March, May, October and December worldwide plus in June, August, November in the USA. SAT’s organizer is the College Board, a private organization. Should I Pass It? SAT test is optional. You will need to pass it only if the college or university you want to enter requires you to complete it. If not, you can still pass it to show how strong your analytical and writing skills are. In addition, these scores will show your strong sides in different areas, and you will be prepared for various college tests. What the Task Is About? Basically, SAT Essay is as simple, as a college assignment, where the tutor asks to analyze a piece of text. You will have fifty minutes to write the assignment. A passage of around 700 words will be given, and you will need to provide a response. The main goal of this test is to show how well you are able to analyze the author’s arguments. Your aim is to analyze the writer’s reasoning, rhetorical tools and evidence in creating the argument and persuading the audience. To save some time on the test day, you can get familiar with essay examples in advance. The task will be one for every test, and the only changeable thing is the reading you will have to analyze. Once you are able to understand the task, you will save time and will be able to provide a stronger essay. Getting Ready for SAT Write down all of the things you should work on. Think about the subjects or topics, which you have problems with and work on them properly. Creating such lists is a great way to become more organized and to relieve stress levels; Keep in mind your strengths. If you devote yourself to completing the written assignment, it will be quite easy to forget all of the other skills you have. If you keep reminding yourself how intelligent you are, it will be much easier to remain confident during the test; Know what learner type you are. Some students find it easier to understand the task by reading it, while others should hear it first. Some of them need to imagine the assignment in their head. Think about the way you usually perceive information and use this method in your studies practice. If you usually learn using hearing, then listen to podcasts while you are driving. If you memorize information, when looking on the text – make index cards with words and pictures; Every day devote a minimum of 30 minutes for learning. Don’t postpone the process and never start learning a day before the test, as SAT requires at least two months of preparation. Surveys show that preparation in advance is much better than being in a hurry. Outline of SAT Essay 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Introduction, Paragraph 1 Restate the topic. Start with a statement or question, which will interest readers and motivate them to go on reading. This part should be grabbing attention from the first line. Don’t forget to include a thesis statement. It should consist of a sentence, which renders the key idea of the whole text. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Support, Paragraph 2 Here you should provide a counterclaim of the first point. If your essay is of a compare-contrast type, you will need to insert the counter-argument at the beginning of each supporting paragraph.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Thesis, Point 1 Support (consists of an example, your own experience, quote or fact); Support (consists of an example, your own experience, quote or fact); Conclusion point. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Support, Paragraph 3   Ã‚  Ã‚   Thesis, Point 2 Support (consists of an example, your own experience, quote or fact); Support (consists of an example, your own experience, quote or fact); Conclusion point. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Support, Paragraph 4   Ã‚  Ã‚   Thesis, Point 3 Support (consists of an example, your own experience, quote or fact); Support (consists of an example, your own experience, quote or fact); Conclusion point. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conclusion, Paragraph 5 In this section, you need to restate your thesis statement but using different words.   At the end write a call-to-action and indicate plan or prognosis for the future. Tips on Writing SAT Essay There is no need to ponder too long over a single question, especially if it is given in the science section, where the complexity of every question increases; Print out previous SAT exams or buy examples at educational departments of bookstores. You will detect your weak points in such a way; You will get an equal amount of points for any right answer to the test. That is why if you are stuck at one question, just skip it and continue answering. If you have enough time in the end, you can return to skipped questions; Stay calm, when completing the test. Of course, it is very important, but it is not worth your nerves; Take enough time to sleep well before the test. If you rest enough, you will have the energy to face any challenges the exam has in store; Exclude wrong answers at once not to be distracted by meaningless ones; Don’t forget to take several pencils, your ID, calculator and registration confirmation to the exam room; If you find the question very simple, most likely it really is. Try not to look for any trick; Practicing writing under real-exam conditions is a great plus. If possible, keep a record of time for every section; If you have some time, get back to check the answers; Learn how to cope with distractions. During the exam, you may be easily distracted by a ticking clock, conversations or even an air conditioner. Make a deep breath, concentrate on the paper and continue answering questions; Try not to change your opinion. In most of the cases the first answer is the correct one; Choose your own work pace, when answering questions at home. This will help you during a real SAT test; Ask your friends or family to give you some time and space to be able to prepare for the text in a calm and quiet atmosphere; Always have sharpened pencils nearby; Stay positive. Even if you give a wrong answer, it won’t cause an Armageddon. Frequently Asked Questions How is it possible to detect my weak points and improve them, when I am getting ready for my SAT exam? As it was already said, make sure you practice in advance. This will help you to detect your weaker sides and you will be able to work on them. Are we allowed to bring a calculator to a SAT exam? SAT test consists of two parts: first when you are allowed to use a calculator and second when a calculator is prohibited. You need to consult collegeboard.org to check, whether your own calculator is approved. It was mentioned not to study the night before the exam. Does it mean that I can’t even refresh knowledge? It is important to remember that you won’t be able to memorize information better if you study the day or the night before an exam. Of course, you can read your notes on the subject that you are not good at but take enough sleep and proper rest to be fresh and energized on the day of the exam. What if I get ill on the test day? You shouldn’t worry, because it is possible to reschedule the test and skip it. It won’t cost you a thing compared to taking the test in poor health. Is there a common answer to select? Unfortunately, there are no patterns of selecting answers. You should simply learn well before completing the test and this will give you all the answers you need!

Case Study of Adesemi Communications International

Of Adesemi Communications International - Case Study Example In this case study, findings suggest that the reason behind the downfall is generally caused by the lack of experience. In particular, reasons of such failure are the cultural misunderstandings among the diverse workforce, the inexperienced and incompetent local business partners, the impatience of the quasi-governments who wanted to have their investments back, and the complete underestimation of the local government owning the national telephone company. Meanwhile, this analysis proposes that the impacts made by the country and market conditions were the most significant factor of the demise of Adesemi. Likewise, the case of Adesemi only shows that the company did not have a good pool of social networks and capitals that could have possibly helped save the company in those periods of crisis. From this experience, Monique Maddy, the CEO and founder of Adesemi, has learned the following insights. Firstly, cultural diversity must be transformed from a weakness to a strength through ap pointing an HR guru. Secondly, partnerships must be made not out of convenience. Thirdly, start-ups in developing countries should restrain from the type of investors who are just after the gains of the company. Fourthly, a patient and visionary investor with deep pockets willing to shell out money in times of financial crisis to save the company is needed in a third world start. Introduction Monique Maddy, a Harvard University graduate from Africa, dreams of being an entrepreneur. As a matter of fact, she happened to achieve her goal once, when she had established and run her own company in Tanzania, the Adesemi Communications International. Such dream had started when she wanted to set up her own company on an untapped market in a developing country in Africa. It had begun with an aim of transforming and modernizing the information technology sector in Africa. She had achieved this dream through Adesemi via making it possible for the thousands of lower and middle-class Tanzanian f amilies to gain access to affordable wireless communication services. Apart from that, as the company incorporated pagers, voice mails, and wireless pay phones, Adesemi had happened to launch the first fully integrated â€Å"virtual† phone system of the world in Tanzania. It is undeniable how successful Maddy was in establishing Adesemi. In addition to that success, the company was even financially successful and had $ 2 million annual revenue. Nonetheless, despite the case that it was on the verge of explosive growth, such success had come to an end when company was forced to shut down. In this regard, the focus of this analysis is mainly on the case of Adesemi Communications International. Specifically, it aims to answer four specific points. Firstly, its objective is to discuss the reason behind the failure of Monique Maddy’s Adesemi Communications International. Secondly, it targets to evaluate the impacts of the country and market conditions on the failure of laun ching a new innovation. Thirdly, using Adesemi’s case, it intends to understand the significance of social capital and network in entrepreneurship. Lastly, it points to identify what Maddy has essentially learned by the failure of her business venture. On the one hand, to examine Adesemi’s case is of significance for the reason that the learnings that can be obtained from this particular experience can aid the entrepreneurs as well as those who plan to set up their own business in the future,

The movies Salt of the Earth and The Battle of Algiers Essay

The movies Salt of the Earth and The Battle of Algiers - Essay Example The strength of the women depicted in these films can only be said to be admirable because it shows that it is not only men who have the fortitude or capability of fighting for what they know to be their rights. It can be said that while women have increasingly taken up an active role in the societies that are depicted in the films, the bias and segregation against them is still an ongoing process, which need to be addressed. The roles that women lay in these films shows that they are an important part of the society, because they not only bring within it a different view of things, but they also bring the diversity needed to ensure that revolutions or social movements are successful. The films show that despite the fact that the men, who dominate the society, have denied these women the opportunity to take up their rightful position in society is quite unfortunate and that such discrimination should be remedied, to ensure that there is equality within the society. The films being analyzed provide a clear picture of how women are treated not only in the society as a whole but also in their personal lives as well. It is a fact that the films address instances concerning the gender differences and bias against women that take place within the society, and because of what can only be perceived as the men’s emotional distance, there seems to be nothing that is being done by the men, in the societies depicted, to remedy this situation. The films therefore show that the matter of the discrimination against women in their respective societies should be addressed because this is the only way through which the issues involved can be understood and addressed (Nunes 9 16). The films which have been analyzed provide a small picture of the biases that women underwent in the society and one would state that the issues that these films address are only some of the cases that existed in the societies depicted and still continue to do so today. It is most likely that future research will make more revelations concerning the treatment of women in the societies, depicted in both Salt of the Earth and The Battle of Algiers, to demonstrate the prominent roles that these women played in the social movements of the said societies. These films seem to have been developed in part with the intention of sparking a movement towards a change in the attitudes that put women in such different situations from their male counterparts. In addition, it can be said that these films seem to be a challenge to the men who view them to take up the responsibility of showing more concern and consideration towards the women in their lives. It can further be said that the men in society should stop using women in their societies merely for the sake of sexual fulfillment, and should instead treat them with the respect that they deserve, since they are equal participants in the development of their societies. The films being analysed depict societies dominated by men and this has created a situation where women are not treated as equals and are instead relegated to the background (Pfaelzer 120). In the films, it can be seen that women, have yet to establish themselves well within the society to ensure that they excel on an equal basis as their male counterparts. Instead, women face many challenges in order to find success in an environment which can only be considered to be extremely hostile to them.

Physics Project Essay Example for Free

Physics Project Essay Eyes are organs that detect light, and convert it to electro-chemical impulses in neurons. The simplest photoreceptors in conscious vision connect light to movement. In higher organisms the eye is a complex optical system which collects light from the surrounding environment; regulates its intensity through a diaphragm; focuses it through an adjustable assembly of lenses to form an image; converts this image into a set of electrical signals; and transmits these signals to the brain, through complex neural pathways that connect the eye, via the optic nerve, to the visual cortex and other areas of the brain. Eyes with resolving power have come in ten fundamentally different forms, and 96% of animal species possess a complex optical system.[1] Image-resolving eyes are present in molluscs, chordates and arthropods. [2] The simplest eyes, such as those in microorganisms, do nothing but detect whether the surroundings are light or dark, which is sufficient for the entrainment of circadian rhythms. From more complex eyes, retinal photosensitive ganglion cells send signals along the retinohypothalamic tract to the suprachiasmatic nuclei to effect circadian adjustment. Contents[hide] * 1 Overview * 2 Evolution * 3 Types of eye * 3.1 Normal eyes * 3.2 Pit eyes * 3.2.1 Spherical lensed eye * 3.2.2 Multiple lenses * 3.2.3 Refractive cornea * 3.2.4 Reflector eyes * 3.3 Compound eyes * 3.3.1 Apposition eyes * 3.3.2 Superposition eyes * 3.3.3 Parabolic superposition * 3.3.4 Other * 3.3.5 Nutrients of the eye * 4 Relationship to life requirements * 5 Visual acuity * 6 Perception of colours * 7 Rods and cones * 8 Pigmentation * 9 See also * 10 References * 10.1 Notes * 10.2 Bibliography * 11 External links| [edit] Overview Eye of the wisent, the European bison Complex eyes can distinguish shapes and colors. The visual fields of many organisms, especially predators, involve large areas of binocular vision to improve depth perception; in other organisms, eyes are located so as to maximize the field of view, such as in rabbits and horses, which have monocular vision. The first proto-eyes evolved among animals 600 million years ago, about the time of the Cambrian explosion.[3] The last common ancestor of animals possessed the biochemical toolkit necessary for vision, and more advanced eyes have evolved in 96% of animal species in six of the thirty-plus[4] main phyla.[1] In most vertebrates and some molluscs, the eye works by allowing light to enter and project onto a light-sensitive panel of cells, known as the retina, at the rear of the eye. The cone cells (for color) and the rod cells (for low-light contrasts) in the retina detect and convert light into neural signals for vision. The visual signals are then transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve. Such eyes are typically roughly spherical, filled with a transparent gel-like substance called the vitreous humour, with a focusing lens and often an iris; the relaxing or tightening of the muscles around the iris change the size of the pupil, thereby regulating the amount of light that enters the eye,[5] and reducing aberrations when there is enough light.[6] The eyes of most cephalopods, fish, amphibians and snakes have fixed lens shapes, and focusing vision is achieved by telescoping the lens—similar to how a camera focuses.[7] Compound eyes are found among the arthropods and are composed of many simple facets which, depending on the details of anatomy, may give either a single pixelated image or multiple images, per eye. Each sensor has its own lens and photosensitive cell(s). Some eyes have up to 28,000 such sensors, which are arranged hexagonally, and which can give a full 360-degree field of visio n. Compound eyes are very sensitive to motion. Some arthropods, including many Strepsiptera, have compound eyes of only a few facets, each with a retina capable of creating an image, creating vision. With each eye viewing a different thing, a fused image from all the eyes is produced in the brain, providing very different, high-resolution images. Possessing detailed hyperspectral color vision, the Mantis shrimp has been reported to have the worlds most complex color vision system.[8] Trilobites, which are now extinct, had unique compound eyes. They used clear calcite crystals to form the lenses of their eyes. In this, they differ from most other arthropods, which have soft eyes. The number of lenses in such an eye varied, however: some trilobites had only one, and some had thousands of lenses in one eye. In contrast to compound eyes, simple eyes are those that have a single lens. For example, jumping spiders have a large pair of simple eyes with a narrow field of view, supported by an array of other, smaller eyes for peripheral vision. Some insect larvae, like caterpillars, have a different type of simple eye (stemmata) which gives a rough image. Some of the simplest eyes, called ocelli, can be found in animals like some of the snails, which cannot actually see in the normal sense. They do have photosensitive cells, but no lens and no other means of projecting an image onto these cells. They can distinguish between light and dark, but no more. This enables snails to keep out of direct sunlight. In organisms dwelling near deep-sea vents, compound eyes have been secondarily simplified and adapted to spot the infra-red light produced by the hot vents–in this way the bearers can spot hot springs and avoid being boiled alive.[9] [edit] Evolution Main article: Evolution of the eye Evolution of the eye Photoreception is phylogenetically very old, with various theories of phylogenesis.[10] The common origin (monophyly) of all animal eyes is now widely accepted as fact. This is based upon the shared anatomical and genetic features of all eyes; that is, all modern eyes, varied as they are, have their origins in a proto-eye believed to have evolved some 540 million years ago.[11][12][13] The majority of the advancements in early eyes are believed to have taken only a few million years to develop, since the first predator to gain true imaging would have touched off an arms race.[14] Prey animals and competing predators alike would be at a distinct disadvantage without such capabilities and would be less likely to survive and reproduce. Hence multiple eye types and subtypes developed in parallel. Eyes in various animals show adaption to their requirements. For example, birds of prey have much greater visual acuity than humans, and some can see ultraviolet light. The different forms of ey e in, for example, vertebrates and mollusks are often cited as examples of parallel evolution, despite their distant common ancestry. The very earliest eyes, called eyespots, were simple patches of photoreceptor protein in unicellular animals. In multicellular beings, multicellular eyespots evolved, physically similar to the receptor patches for taste and smell. These eyespots could only sense ambient brightness: they could distinguish light and dark, but not the direction of the lightsource.[15] Through gradual change, as the eyespot depressed into a shallow cup shape, the ability to slightly discriminate directional brightness was achieved by using the angle at which the light hit certain cells to identify the source. The pit deepened over time, the opening diminished in size, and the number of photoreceptor cells increased, forming an effective pinhole camera that was capable of dimly distinguishing shapes.[16] The thin overgrowth of transparent cells over the eyes aperture, originally formed to prevent damage to the eyespot, allowed the segregated contents of the eye chamber to specialize into a transparent humour that optimized color filtering, blocked harmful radiation, improved the eyes refractive index, and allowed functionality outside of water. The transparent protective cells eventually split into two layers, with circulatory fluid in between that allowed wider viewing angles and greater imaging resolution, and the thickness of the transparent layer gradually increased, in most species with the transparent crystallin protein.[17] The gap between tissue layers naturally formed a bioconvex shape, an optimally ideal structure for a normal refractive index. Independently, a transparent layer and a nontransparent layer split forward from the lens: the cornea and iris. Separation of the forward layer again formed a humour, the aqueous humour. This increased refractive power and again eased circulatory problems. Formation of a nontransparent ring allowed more blood vessels, more circulation, and larger eye sizes.[17] [edit] Types of eye There are ten different eye layouts—indeed every way of capturing an image known to man, with the exceptions of zoom and Fresnel lenses. Eye types can be categorized into simple eyes, with one concave photoreceptive surface, and compound eyes, which comprise a number of individual lenses laid out on a convex surface.[1] Note that simple does not imply a reduced level of complexity or acuity. Indeed, any eye type can be adapted for almost any behavior or environment. The only limitations specific to eye types are that of resolution—the physics of compound eyes prevents them from achieving a resolution better than 1Â °. Also, superposition eyes can achieve greater sensitivity than apposition eyes, so are better suited to dark-dwelling creatures.[1] Eyes also fall into two groups on the basis of their photoreceptors cellular construction, with the photoreceptor cells either being cilliated (as in the vertebrates) or rhabdomeric. These two groups are not monophyletic; the cnidaria also possess cilliated cells, [18] and some annelids possess both.[19] [edit] Normal eyes Human eyes are examples of normal eyes Simple eyes are rather ubiquitous, and lens-bearing eyes have evolved at least seven times in vertebrates, cephalopods, annelids, crustacea and cubozoa.[20] [edit Pit eyes Pit eyes, also known as stemma, are eye-spots which may be set into a pit to reduce the angles of light that enters and affects the eyespot, to allow the organism to deduce the angle of incoming light.[1] Found in about 85% of phyla, these basic forms were probably the precursors to more advanced types of simple eye. They are small, comprising up to about 100 cells covering about 100 Â µm.[1] The directionality can be improved by reducing the size of the aperture, by incorporating a reflective layer behind the receptor cells, or by filling the pit with a refractile material.[1] [edit] Spherical lensed eye The resolution of pit eyes can be greatly improved by incorporating a material with a higher refractive index to form a lens, which may greatly reduce the blur radius encountered—hence increasing the resolution obtainable.[1] The most basic form, still seen in some gastropods and annelids, consists of a lens of one refractive index. A far sharper image can be obtained using materials with a high refractive index, decreasing to the edges; this decreases the focal length and thus allows a sharp image to form on the retina.[1] This also allows a larger aperture for a given sharpness of image, allowing more light to enter the lens; and a flatter lens, reducing spherical aberration.[1] Such an inhomogeneous lens is necessary in order for the focal length to drop from about 4 times the lens radius, to 2.5 radii.[1] Heterogeneous eyes have evolved at least eight times: four or more times in gastropods, once in the copepods, once in the annelids and once in the cephalopods.[1] No aquatic organisms possess homogeneous lenses; presumably the evolutionary pressure for a heterogeneous lens is great enough for this stage to be quickly outgrown.[1] This eye creates an image that is sharp enough that motion of the eye can cause significant blurring. To minimize the effect of eye motion while the animal moves, most such eyes have stabilizing eye muscles.[1] The ocelli of insects bear a simple lens, but their focal point always lies behind the retina; consequently they can never form a sharp image. This capitulates the function of the eye. Ocelli (pit-type eyes of arthropods) blur the image across the whole retina, and are consequently excellent at responding to rapid changes in light intensity across the whole visual field; this fast response is further accelerated by the large nerve bundles which rush the information to the brain.[21] Focusing the image would also cause the suns image to be focused on a few receptors, with the possibility of damage under the intense light; shielding the receptors would block out some light and thus reduce their sensitivity.[21] This fast response has led to suggestions that the ocelli of insects are used mainly in flight, because they can be used to detect sudden changes in which way is up (because light, especially UV light which is absorbed by vegetation, usually comes from above).[21] [edit] Multiple lenses Some marine organisms bear more than one lens; for instance the copepod Pontella has three. The outer has a parabolic surface, countering the effects of spherical aberration while allowing a sharp image to be formed. Another copepod, Copilias eyes have two lenses, arranged like those in a telescope.[1] Such arrangements are rare and poorly understood, but represent an interesting alternative construction. An interesting use of multiple lenses is seen in some hunters such as eagles and jumping spiders, which have a refractive cornea (discussed next): these have a negative lens, enlarging the observed image by up to 50% over the receptor cells, thus increasing their optical resolution.[1] [edit] Refractive cornea In the eyes of most mammals, birds, reptiles, and most other terrestrial vertebrates (along with spiders and some insect larvae) the vitreous fluid has a higher refractive index than the air, relieving the lens of the function of reducing the focal length. This has freed it up for fine adjustments of focus, allowing a very high resolution to be obtained.[1] As with spherical lenses, the problem of spherical aberration caused by the lens can be countered either by using an inhomogeneous lens material, or by flattening the lens.[1] Flattening the lens has a disadvantage; the quality of vision is diminished away from the main line of focus, meaning that animals requiring all-round vision are detrimented. Such animals often display an inhomogeneous lens instead.[1] As mentioned above, a refractive cornea is only useful out of water; in water, there is no difference in refractive index between the vitreous fluid and the surrounding water. Hence creatures which have returned to the waterâ €”penguins and seals, for example—lose their refractive cornea and return to lens-based vision. An alternative solution, borne by some divers, is to have a very strong cornea.[1] [edit] Reflector eyes An alternative to a lens is to line the inside of the eye with mirrors, and reflect the image to focus at a central point.[1] The nature of these eyes means that if one were to peer into the pupil of an eye, one would see the same image that the organism would see, reflected back out.[1] Many small organisms such as rotifers, copeopods and platyhelminths use such organs, but these are too small to produce usable images.[1] Some larger organisms, such as scallops, also use reflector eyes. The scallop Pecten has up to 100 millimeter-scale reflector eyes fringing the edge of its shell. It detects moving objects as they pass successive lenses.[1] There is at least one vertebrate, the spookfish, whose eyes include reflective optics for focusing of light. Each of the two eyes of a spookfish collects light from both above and below; the light coming from above is focused by a lens, while that coming from below, by a curved mirror composed of many layers of small reflective plates made of g uanine crystals.[22] [edit] Compound eyes An image of a house fly compound eye surface by using Scanning Electron Microscope Anatomy of the compound eye of an insect Arthropods such as this carpenter bee have compound eyes A compound eye may consist of thousands of individual photoreceptor units or ommatidia (ommatidium, singular). The image perceived is a combination of inputs from the numerous ommatidia (individual eye units), which are located on a convex surface, thus pointing in slightly different directions. Compared with simple eyes, compound eyes possess a very large view angle, and can detect fast movement and, in some cases, the polarization of light.[23] Because the individual lenses are so small, the effects of diffraction impose a limit on the possible resolution that can be obtained. This can only be countered by increasing lens size and number. To see with a resolution comparable to our simple eyes, humans would require compound eyes which would each reach the size of their head. Compound eyes fall into two groups: apposition eyes, which form multiple inverted images, and superposition eyes, which form a single erect image.[24] Compound eyes are common in arthropods, and are also present in annelids and some bivalved molluscs.[25] Compound eyes, in arthropods at least, grow at their margins by the addition of new ommatidia.[26] Structure of the ommatidia of apposition compound eyes [edit] Apposition eyes Apposition eyes are the most common form of eye, and are presumably the ancestral form of compound eye. They are found in all arthropod groups, although they may have evolved more than once within this phylum.[1] Some annelids and bivalves also have apposition eyes. They are also possessed by Limulus, the horseshoe crab, and there are suggestions that other chelicerates developed their simple eyes by reduction from a compound starting point.[1] (Some caterpillars appear to have evolved compound eyes from simple eyes in the opposite fashion.) Apposition eyes work by gathering a number of images, one from each eye, and combining them in the brain, with each eye typically contributing a single point of information. The typical apposition eye has a lens focusing light from one direction on the rhabdom, while light from other directions is absorbed by the dark wall of the ommatidium. In the other kind of apposition eye, found in the Strepsiptera, lenses are not fused to one another, and each forms an entire image; these images are combined in the brain. This is called the schizochroal compound eye or the neural superposition eye. Because images are combined additively, this arrangement allows vision under lower light levels.[1] [edit] Superposition eyes The second type is named the superposition eye. The superposition eye is divided into three types; the refracting, the reflecting and the parabolic superposition eye. The refracting superposition eye has a gap between the lens and the rhabdom, and no side wall. Each lens takes light at an angle to its axis and reflects it to the same angle on the other side. The result is an image at half the radius of the eye, which is where the tips of the rhabdoms are. This kind is used mostly by nocturnal insects. In the parabolic superposition compound eye type, seen in arthropods such as mayflies, the parabolic surfaces of the inside of each facet focus light from a reflector to a sensor array. Long-bodied decapod crustaceans such as shrimp, prawns, crayfish and lobsters are alone in having reflecting superposition eyes, which also have a transparent gap but use corner mirrors instead of lenses. [edit] Parabolic superposition This eye type functions by refracting light, then using a parabolic mirror to focus the image; it combines features of superposition and apposition eyes.[9] [edit] Other The compound eyes of a dragonfly Good fliers like flies or honey bees, or prey-catching insects like praying mantis or dragonflies, have specialized zones of ommatidia organized into a fovea area which gives acute vision. In the acute zone the eyes are flattened and the facets larger. The flattening allows more ommatidia to receive light from a spot and therefore higher resolution. There are some exceptions from the types mentioned above. Some insects have a so-called single lens compound eye, a transitional type which is something between a superposition type of the multi-lens compound eye and the single lens eye found in animals with simple eyes. Then there is the mysid shrimp Dioptromysis paucispinosa. The shrimp has an eye of the refracting superposition type, in the rear behind this in each eye there is a single large facet that is three times in diameter the others in the eye and behind this is an enlarged crystalline cone. This projects an upright image on a specialized retina. The resulting eye is a mixture of a simple eye within a compound eye. Another version is the pseudofaceted eye, as seen in Scutigera. This type of eye consists of a cluster of numerous ocelli on each side of the head, organized in a way that resembles a true compound eye. The body of Ophiocoma wendtii, a type of brittle star, is covered with ommatidia, turning its whole skin into a compound eye. The same is true of many chitons. [edit] Nutrients of the eye The ciliary body is triangular in horizontal section and is coated by a double layer, the ciliary epithelium. The inner layer is transparent and covers the vitreous body, and is continuous from the neural tissue of the retina. The outer layer is highly pigmented, continuous with the retinal pigment epithelium, and constitutes the cells of the dilator muscle. The vitreous is the transparent, colorless, gelatinous mass that fills the space between the lens of the eye and the retina lining the back of the eye.[27] It is produced by certain retinal cells. It is of rather similar composition to the cornea, but contains very few cells (mostly phagocytes which remove unwanted cellular debris in the visual field, as well as the hyalocytes of Balazs of the surface of the vitreous, which reprocess the hyaluronic acid), no blood vessels, and 98-99% of its volume is water (as opposed to 75% in the cornea) with salts, sugars, vitrosin (a type of collagen), a network of collagen type II fibers with the mucopolysaccharide hyaluronic acid, and also a wide array of proteins in micro amounts. Amazingly, with so little solid matter, it tautly holds the eye. [edit]Relationship to life requirements Eyes are generally adapted to the environment and life requirements of the organism which bears them. For instance, the distribution of photoreceptors tends to match the area in which the highest acuity is required, with horizon-scanning organisms, such as those that live on the African plains, having a horizontal line of high-density ganglia, while tree-dwelling creatures which require good all-round vision tend to have a symmetrical distribution of ganglia, with acuity decreasing outwards from the centre. Of course, for most eye types, it is impossible to diverge from a spherical form, so only the density of optical receptors can be altered. In organisms with compound eyes, it is the number of ommatidia rather than ganglia that reflects the region of highest data acquisition.[1]:23-4 Optical superposition eyes are constrained to a spherical shape, but other forms of compound eyes may deform to a shape where more ommatidia are aligned to, say, the horizon, without altering the size or density of individual ommatidia.[28] Eyes of horizon-scanning organisms have stalks so they can be easily aligned to the horizon when this is inclined, for example if the animal is on a slope.[29] An extension of this concept is that the eyes of predators typically have a zone of very acute vision at their centre, to assist in the identification of prey.[28] In deep water organisms, it may not be the centre of the eye that is enlarged. The hyperiid amphipods are deep water animals that feed on organisms above them. Their eyes are almost divided into two, with the upper region thought to be involved in detecting the silhouettes of potential prey—or predators—against the faint light of the sky above. Accordingly, deeper water hyperiids, where the light against which the silhouettes must be compared is dimmer, have larger upper-eyes, and may lose the lower portion of their eyes altogether.[28] Depth perception can be enhanced by having eyes which are enlarged in one direction; distorting the eye slightly allows the distance to the object to be estimated with a high degree of accuracy.[9] Acuity is higher among male organisms that mate in mid-air, as they need to be able to spot and assess potential mates against a very large backdrop.[28] On the other hand, the eyes of organisms which operate in low light levels, such as around dawn and dusk or in deep water, tend to be larger to increase the amount of light that can be captured.[28] It is not only the shape of the eye that may be affected by lifestyle. Eyes can be the most visible parts of organisms, and this can act as a pressure on organisms to have more transparent eyes at the cost of function.[28] Eyes may be mounted on stalks to provide better all-round vision, by lifting them above an organisms carapace; this also allows them to track predators or prey without moving the head.[9] [edit] Visual acuity A hawks eye Visual acuity, or resolving power, is the ability to distinguish fine detail and is the property of cones.[30] It is often measured in cycles per degree (CPD), which measures an angular resolution, or how much an eye can differentiate one object from another in terms of visual angles. Resolution in CPD can be measured by bar charts of different numbers of white/black stripe cycles. For example, if each pattern is 1.75 cm wide and is placed at 1 m distance from the eye, it will subtend an angle of 1 degree, so the number of white/black bar pairs on the pattern will be a measure of the cycles per degree of that pattern. The highest such number that the eye can resolve as stripes, or distinguish from a gray block, is then the measurement of visual acuity of the eye. For a human eye with excellent acuity, the maximum theoretical resolution is 50 CPD[31] (1.2 arcminute per line pair, or a 0.35 mm line pair, at 1 m). A rat can resolve only about 1 to 2 CPD.[32] A horse has higher acuity through most of the visual field of its eyes than a human has, but does not match the high acuity of the human eyes central fovea region. Spherical aberration limits the resolution of a 7 mm pupil to about 3 arcminutes per line pair. At a pupil diameter of 3 mm, the spherical aberration is greatly reduced, resulting in an improved resolution of approximately 1.7 arcminutes per line pair.[33] A resolution of 2 arcminutes per line pair, equivalent to a 1 arcminute gap in an optotype, corresponds to 20/20 (normal vision) in humans. [edit] Perception of colours Colour vision is the faculty of the organism to distinguish lights of different spectral qualities.[34] All organisms are restricted to a small range of electromagnetic spectrum; this varies from creature to creature, but is mainly between 400 and 700 nm.[35] This is a rather small section of the electromagnetic spectrum, probably reflecting the submarine evolution of the organ: water blocks out all but two small windows of the EM spectrum, and there has been no evolutionary pressure among land animals to broaden this range.[36] The most sensitive pigment, rhodopsin, has a peak response at 500 nm.[37] Small changes to the genes coding for this protein can tweak the peak response by a few nm;[2] pigments in the lens can also filter incoming light, changing the peak response.[2] Many organisms are unable to discriminate between colours, seeing instead in shades of grey; color vision necessitates a range of pigment cells which are primarily sensitive to smaller ranges of the spectrum. In primates, geckos, and other organisms, these take the form of cone cells, from which the more sensitive rod cells evolved.[37] Even if organisms are physically capable of discriminating different colours, this does not necessarily mean that they can perceive the different colours; only with behavioural tests can this be deduced.[2] Most organisms with colour vision are able to detect ultraviolet light. This high energy light can be damaging to receptor cells. With a few exceptions (snakes, placental mammals), most organisms avoid these effects by having absorbent oil droplets around their cone cells. The alternative, developed by organisms that had lost these oil droplets in the course of evolution, is to make the lens impervious to UV light — this precludes the possibility of any UV light being detected, as it does not even reach the retina.[37] [edit] Rods and cones The retina contains two major types of light-sensitive photoreceptor cells used for vision: the rods and the cones. Rods cannot distinguish colours, but are responsible for low-light (scotopic) monochrome (black-and-white) vision; they work well in dim light as they contain a pigment, rhodopsin (visual purple), which is sensitive at low light intensity, but saturates at higher (photopic) intensities. Rods are distributed throughout the retina but there are none at the fovea and none at the blind spot. Rod density is greater in the peripheral retina than in the central retina. Cones are responsible for colour vision. They require brighter light to function than rods require. In humans, there are three types of cones, maximally sensitive to long-wavelength, medium-wavelength, and short-wavelength light (often referred to as red, green, and blue, respectively, though the sensitivity peaks are not actually at these colours). The colour seen is the combined effect of stimuli to, and responses from, these three types of cone cells. Cones are mostly concentrated in and near the fovea. Only a few are present at the sides of the retina. Objects are seen most sharply in focus when their images fall on the fovea, as when one looks at an object directly. Cone cells and rods are connected through intermediate cells in the retina to nerve fibres of the optic nerve. When rods and cones are stimulated by light, the nerves send off impulses through these fibres to the brain.[37] [edit] Pigmentation The pigment molecules used in the eye are various, but can be used to define the evolutionary distance between different groups, and can also be an aid in determining which are closely related – although problems of convergence do exist.[37] Opsins are the pigments involved in photoreception. Other pigments, such as melanin, are used to shield the photoreceptor cells from light leaking in from the sides. The opsin protein group evolved long before the last common ancestor of animals, and has continued to diversify since.[2] There are two types of opsin involved in vision; c-opsins, which are associated with ciliary-type photoreceptor cells, and r-opsins, associated with rhabdomeric photoreceptor cells.[38] The eyes of vertebrates usually contain cilliary cells with c-opsins, and (bilaterian) invertebrates have rhabdomeric cells in the eye with r-opsins. However, some ganglion cells of vertebrates express r-opsins, suggesting that their ancestors used this pigment in vision, an d that remnants survive in the eyes.[38] Likewise, c-opsins have been found to be expressed in the brain of some invertebrates. They may have been expressed in ciliary cells of larval eyes, which were subsequently resorbed into the brain on metamorphosis to the adult form.[38] C-opsins are also found in some derived bilaterian-invertebrate eyes, such as the pallial eyes of the bivalve molluscs; however, the lateral eyes (which were presumably the ancestral type for this group, if eyes evolved once there) always use r-opsins.[38] Cnidaria, which are an outgroup to the taxa mentioned above, express c-opsins but r-opsins are yet to be found in this group.[38] Incidentally, the melanin produced in the cnidaria is produced in the same fashion as that in vertebrates, suggesting the common descent of this pigment.[38]

Essay --

Testing is a way to measure what students have learned from their teachers. Standardized/High-Stakes testing is a tool used to measure the performance of students and the quality of teachers in public school systems. High-Stakes testing is an inaccurate measuring stick of teaching quality and thus is detrimental to the educational system. Pressure is being exerted on students to pass, and teachers to enable their students to pass the standardized tests being presented to them. This takes much classroom time that could be spent instructing students on what might be more valuable information, and instead study for the test by what some consider rote memorization (Silva). Experiments have been done seeing how much different teaching approaches were before and after the implementation of standardized testing (Desimone). These experiments demonstrated how vastly the difference between teaching to the test and teaching what the instructor believes is the most valuable knowledge and the best way to present this knowledge. If there is a disconnect between what America’s teachers believe is best to know, and what is on the examinations, then one of the two is flawed, and it is not likely to be what the teachers are teaching. Students simply do not care about their results on standardized tests. Many students either â€Å"Christmas Tree† (pick random answers, named because people sometimes make shapes) or just select one answer and continue with the same answer the entire way down (Tests that count). Student’s only incentive is that they might move on to the next grade, or that they have to pass to graduate. There are a significant number of students who simply drop out of high school. They can either get a GED or find a job that will sustain ... ...en if say, a parent had died within the past week. That would certainly be jarring enough to grant a pardon to a student. All a university would see, though, is a large F on the transcript. Teachers will neglect students that need the most help to help those who need a slight shove. This is known as â€Å"educational triage† (Booher-Jennings 231). Those on the threshold of passing the state mandated tests are significantly more likely to receive help from instructors than those that are significantly lower than their peers (233). This is to make the district look better as these children are far more likely to pass the test with the extra assistance. This still leaves the ones who were left behind essentially out to dry. If anything, it should be the opposite. The ones who are at the lowest levels should be receiving the most assistance on standardized test preparation.

A manager and a leader Essay

The difference between a manager and a leader is that the former ensures control and rationality, her/his focus is on day to day problem solving, best means in achieving results for staff to continue to contribute to the organisation (Zaleznik,1992) . While a leader uses power to influence actions and people, focusing more on outcomes and impact, where this action has inherited risks such as the risk of losing self- control in the need for power (Zaleznik,1992). While leaders and managers have common traits such as sound communication skills, work ethics, integrity, key technical competencies, etc, yet there are some differences. These differences can be summarised as follows: Risk taking: Manager are regulators of affairs in an organisation, getting rewards from collective achievements . Therefore, to be a good manager, it requires persistence, patience, intelligence, analytical skills, and goodwill. Leaders think out of a box and work with high risk initiatives. While managers, unlike leaders, tend to solve problems in a more conservative way and tend to tolerate mundane and practical work (Zaeznik,1992). Leaders on the other hand are risk takers. Relationships: Manager work with people to implement initiatives, solve problems, by focusing staff on policies and procedures and not on content (Zaleznik,1992). They are engrossed in how to make decisions, but not what are the rights decisions to make. While leaders attract strong feelings of identity and difference. Their human relationship might seem turbulent, intensifying motivation and often resulting in unanticipated results (Zaleznik, 1992). Sense of self-worth: managers’ sense of self-worth is secured by ensuring and strengthening existing institutions. While leaders feel separate from their institutions, their perception of identity is different (Zaleznik, 1992). They may work in an organisation and never have a sense of belonging, always seeking opportunities for change. Vision versus objectives and goals: Managers take the short view, focus on objectives, targets, implementation and monitoring and evaluation while leaders take the long view, focusing more on a clear vision, a clear sense of purpose, and a passion to pursue that vision while aligning the organisation its vision (Allio, 2012). Manager Leader Ensures control and follows day to day work implementation of an action plan (day to day work) Sets a vision A problem solver Uses power to lead and influence action Not a risk taker Willing to take risks (balance between change and stability) Follows rules and regulations High levels of creativity, always thinks out of a box Implementer Leads, inspires and motivates Strong sense of belonging to organisation May and may not have a sense of belonging to organisation Works in a comfort zone Always embracing change management, seeking new opportunities. In health care, the Minister of Health in the State of Palestine is a leader, while the director generals, directors of various departments are managers. The former is the person who sets out the vision for the ministry, partnering with other stakeholders (UN organisations, private sector, and others) for instance in advancing the public health sector. This resulted in a reduction in infant and under five child mortality rates over the past five years. While director generals and directors are consumed with implementing the inputs needed to achieve the overall vision set out by the Minister. Thank you. References: Allio, R.J., (2012), ‘Leaders and leadership – many theories, but what advice is reliable?.’ Strategy and Leadership. [Online], 41, (1), pp. 4-14. Available online from: http://www.emeraldinsight.com.ezproxy.liv.ac.uk/doi/pdfplus/10.1108/10878571311290016 (Accessed on: 19 January 2015). Zaleznik, A., (1992), Managers and leaders: Are they different?’ Harvard Business Review. [Online], 70 (2), pp 126-135. Available from: http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.liv.ac.uk/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=3&sid=ef29e84c-a001-4d56-9f66-b5f4a202c402%40sessionmgr4001&hid=4202 (Accessed

Liberty University

I am a police officer and more times than not, I find myself dealing with school ages kids. Usually they range between the ages of 13-18. Most of the time I feel like a counselor because when we deal with juveniles, the juvenile judicial system has tied our hands in what they will incarcerate a juvenile for, so we usually give them a stern talking to and release them back to the custody of their parents. I also work closely with the middle and high school administrators. Sometimes we are in the schools dealing with problems or sometimes we take kids back to school that we find skipping class.This is why I chose to write this discussion board entry on the ethics of school counselors. There are several ethical standards for school counselors, so I will only be touching on a few of them, while comparing them to biblical passages. The first I would like to hit on is the counselor’s responsibilities to their students. They are to treat their students with respect at all time and al ways consider the students future when talking with them. Romans 12:10 states, â€Å"be devoted to one another in brotherly love, but give preference to one another in honor. I think this passage fits perfect here, because when a student goes to a counselor it is usually to talk about a problem they are having or advice on a particular topic. This verse is saying to be devoted to the person as you want the same devotion to you. Another ethical standard for school counselors is confidentiality. The administrators and counselors are not to discuss the student’s issues and school records with anyone unless a informed consent has been agreed on and signed. Proverbs 12:22 states, â€Å"lying lips are an abomination of the lord, but those who act faithfully are his delight. Taking this passage word for word to me basically means that the lord frowns upon the lips that lie and lying is also one of the Ten Commandments that should be remembered when being trusted by another. One of the ethical standards is that counselors and administrators but inform parents and/or legal guardians if a student poses a danger to himself or another. The counselors are never to negate the risk of harm because some students will hide this in order to avoid any type of further scrutiny from other students, teachers or administrators. Corinthians 6:19-20 states, â€Å"do you not know that your body is a temple of the holy spirit within you, whom you have from God? You are not your own, for you were bought with a price. So glorify in your body. † I don’t think that many of these students who look to harm themselves or harm someone else are thinking past the injury and into the bible and what they are actually doing in the Lord’s eyes. The next ethical standard by which the counselors are held to is professionalism. They are to treat everything that you do in a way that is looked at as professional to society.They are to seek the consent of parents before conduc ting any research into a student or educational records, and treat every research opportunity with professionalism. Psalms 34:22 says, â€Å"The Lord redeems the life of his servants. None of those who take refuge in him will be condemned. † References: The New King James Study Bible, publisher Thomas Nelson, Inc. , 2007 undefined. (1984). American School Counselor Association. In Ethical Standards for School Counselors. Retrieved February 19, 2012, from http://www. mnschoolcounselors. org/EthicalStandards2010. pdf.

Healthcare IT Essay Example

Healthcare IT Essay Example Healthcare IT Essay Healthcare IT Essay Healthcare IT Name: Course: Institution: Instructor: Date: Healthcare IT Information needs similarities In the publication Perceived Information Needs and Communication Difficulties of Inpatient Physicians and Nurses, Cimino introduces a concept of† common ground† to refer to shared information among staff. In the survey that was done, both physicians and nurses share some information needs. Both had the need for Internet and knowledge based systems especially the WebCIS system, which was used by all physicians and a bigger percentage of the nurses. The main usage for WebCIS was the reporting of laboratory results. While around 92% of the physicians used unique specialty reports, a less number of nurses used this resource. Nearly no nurses used the diagnosis system although most of the physicians used either the info buttons or alert systems. Differences The major differences in the information needs between nurses and physicians lay in their professional areas. Physicians had the need for up to date medication lists and the time that they were administered, outpatient notes and laboratory needs. Nurses, on the other hand, had more use for patient diagnoses than all other types of information. In the institution –specific information needs, physicians required the current providers and their contacts while nurses required the institutions protocols and policies for various function such as blood banks. Lastly, another major difference in the information needs among physicians was their interest in information relating to prescriptions, disease management and medical formulas. The nurses focused on the drug domain and required information in side effects and dosages (Melnyk Fineout-Overholt, 2011). Drug information Integrated information systems draw their information from a variety of sources. The most common sources include medical files and population surveys. Patients who show up at the hospital have their complaints recorded and tests are done to establish the problem after which the treatment commences. The key data inputs here include patient weight and height, drug indications, drug claims and eligibility inquiries. Process in drug information including ensuring tat the drugs are effective and safe through various qualification processes. The best method of disseminating this information is through brochures within the nursing department (McKnight, 2012). Patient diagnoses In performing patients’ diagnoses, the type of data that is collected and recorded by nurses includes patient current medical status and blood samples. This data input will be used later for the evaluation of the outcomes. The data items will be necessary for determining overnight inpatient conditions. The processes in-patient diagnoses include classification of a patients’ condition that will allow a medical decision to be made for instance naming the ailment or using knowledge-based systems to produce results. The best way of ensuring this information reaches physicians is through conferences among practitioners where these new methods can be discussed in detail. Disease management information The types of data that are collected for disease management information include population statistics, the historical trend of the diseases and other demographic issues. The different processes here include the provision of the public with disease management information. There is also a close partnership with the government and private sector institutions to come up with ways to contain diseases. This kind of information can be disseminated through newsletters and reports. References McKnight, Lawrence K., Stetson, Peter D., Bakken, Suzanne, Curran, Christine, Cimino, James J. (n.d.). (2012). Perceived Information Needs and Communication Difficulties of Inpatient Physicians and Nurses. American Medical Informatics Association. Accessed on 2 July 2012. Retrieved from ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC419422/ Melnyk, B. M., Fineout-Overholt, E. (2011). Evidence-based practice in nursing healthcare: A guide to best practice. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams Wilkins.

Classic Poems About America for the 4th of July

Classic Poems About America for the 4th of July Patriotism is the theme for the Fourth of July. Many poets have taken on the subject over the years and their words, even in part, have been engrained in the minds of millions of Americans. From Whitman to Emerson and Longfellow to Blake and beyond, these are the poems that have inspired patriots for years. Walt Whitman,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I Hear America Singing† The collection of Walt Whitmans poems known as Leaves of Grass was published a total of seven times during the poets lifetime. Each edition held different poems and in the 1860 edition,  I Hear America Singing made its debut. Yet, Whitman made some changes and the version below is the 1867 version. The differences between the two editions are minimal at best. Most notably, the first verse was changed from American mouth-songs ! to the lyrical lines youll find below. It is quite interesting to note that the two editions were printed just prior to and after the Civil War. In the context of the country during that time, Whitmans words take on an even more powerful meaning. America was divided, but the differences were not extreme when viewed from the songs of the individual. I hear America singing, the varied carols I hear;Those of mechanics- each one singing his, as it should be, blithe and strong;The carpenter singing his, as he measures his plank or beam,The mason singing his, as he makes ready for work, or leaves off work;The boatman singing what belongs to him in his boat- the deckhand singing on the steamboat deck;The shoemaker singing as he sits on his bench- the hatter singing as he stands;The wood-cutter’s song- the ploughboy’s, on his way in the morning, or at the noon intermission, or at sundown;The delicious singing of the mother- or of the young wife at work- or of the girl sewing or washing- Each singing what belongs to her, and to none else;The day what belongs to the day- At night, the party of young fellows, robust, friendly,Singing, with open mouths, their strong melodious songs. More From Whitmans Leaves of Grass The many editions of Leaves of Grass are filled with poems on a variety of subject matter. When it comes to patriotism, Whitman penned some of the best poetry and this contributed to his notoriety as one of Americas great poets. â€Å"By Blue Ontario’s Shore†Ã‚  (first published in the 1867 edition) - The poet spends this poem in a contemplative state marked with talk of liberty and freedom. Lines like Chant me the poem, it said, that comes from the soul of America, and O America because you build for mankind I build for you, are inspiring. At the same time, the narrator seems haunted by troubles and questions.â€Å"Song of the Broad-Axe†Ã‚  (first published in the 1856 edition) - An epic piece of poetry, Whitman embodies too many facets of America and Americans in this poem to note in a brief summary. It is a wonderful look at the individual spirit that formed the country and the strength it took from each and every person through the powerful symbol of the broad-axe. Ralph Waldo Emerson,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Concord Hymn† The Fourth of July celebrates Americas independence and few poems remind us of the sacrifices required during the Revolutionary War better than Ralph Waldo Emersons Concord Hymn. It was sung at the completion of the Concord Battle Monument on  April 19, 1837. Emerson settled in Concord, Massachusetts after marrying his second wife, Lydia Jackson, in 1835. He was known for his admiration of self-reliance and individualism. These two factors seem to have a  heavy influence on the personal nature and deep patriotic feelings he penned in this poem. The last line of the first stanza - the shot heard round the world - was quickly made famous and remains a hallmark for describing the valiant efforts of the American revolutionaries. By the rude bridge that arched the flood,Their flag to April’s breeze unfurled,Here once the embattled farmers stood,And fired the shot heard round the world,The foe long since in silence slept,Alike the Conqueror silent sleeps,And Time the ruined bridge has sweptDown the dark stream which seaward creeps.On this green bank, by this soft stream,We set to-day a votive stone,That memory may their deed redeem,When like our sires our sons are gone.Spirit! who made those freemen dareTo die, or leave their children free,Bid time and nature gently spareThe shaft we raise to them and Thee. This was not the only patriotic poem Emerson wrote. In 1904, 22 years after his death,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"A Nation’s Strength† was published. The poets patriotic zeal appears once again in lines like Men who for truth and honor’s sake/Stand fast and suffer long. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Paul Revere’s Ride† The opening lines of Henry Wadsworth Longfellows 1863 poem are etched in the memories of many Americans. The poet was known for his lyrical poems that retraced historical events and in 1863, ​Paul Reveres Ride was published, giving Americans a new, amazingly detailed, and dramatically versed look at one of the most famous nights in the countrys short history. Listen, my children, and you shall hearOf the midnight ride of Paul Revere,On the eighteenth of April, in Seventy-five;Hardly a man is now aliveWho remembers that famous day and year. More Longfellow â€Å"O Ship of State†Ã‚  (â€Å"The Republic† from â€Å"The Building of the Ship,† 1850) - A contemporary of both Emerson and Whitman, Longfellow also saw the building of a young country and this influenced many of his poems. Though it reads as a simple poetic description of shipbuilding, it is, in reality, a metaphor for the building of America. Piece by piece, the country came together, just as those ships built near Longfellows Portland, Maine home. The patriotic enthusiasm of O Ship of State extended beyond America. Franklin Roosevelt quoted the opening lines in a personal letter to Winston Churchhill during World War II to rally his allys spirit. More Famous Poems About America Though those are some of the most noted poems appropriate for Independence Day, they are not alone. The following verses are equally popular and express national pride perfectly. William Blake,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"America, A Prophecy† (1793) - Written by the famous English poet 17 years after the American Revolution, this poem has long been an icon in patriotic poetry. A mythical look at what might come out of the new country, Blake romanticizes the tale and clearly shows he too has no love for tyranny or the King.Emma Lazarus,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The New Colossus† (1883) - Written to raise funds for the base of the Statue of Liberty, this famous poem is engraved on it for all to see. The lines Give me your tired, your poor,  Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, speak volumes to the nation of immigrants.Carl Sandburg,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Good Night† (1920) - Fireworks over the pier on the Fourth of July, Sandburgs short poem is both timeless and timely. If youre seeking a poem to memorize, this is a fantastic choice.Claude McKay,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"America† (1921) - A love sonnet written by a leader of the Harlem Rennaissance,  America portrays the poets adorat ion for the country while, at the same time, confronting the troubles he has seen in his community. Amy Lowell,  Excerpt from â€Å"The Congressional Library† (1922) - Published in The Literary Digest (incorrectly, at first), the poet captures the wonderful architecture and art of this historic building that houses the nations archives. She also wonders about its future as well as the library as a reflection on all Americans.Stephen Vincent Benà ©t,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"American Names† (1927) - Both a geography lesson and a poem examining the poetic styling of names, the poet explores sound and place in lighthearted verse.

Ask week4 m6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ask week4 m6 - Essay Example Appreciative inquiry is another modality that helps the researchers solves their problems. According to Raelin (2009), the main aim of this modality to focus on what already works in the system. In what ways is this knowledge important to you as a researcher? Clinical inquiry also forms the list of modalities used in action plan projects. Its major role is to consult in order to experience and reflect on insights that would help in making informed decisions (Raelin 2009). How is this helpful in research work? Co-operative inquiry also falls under the category of these modalities. It encourages working together on a project (Raelin 2009). What are the multiple stages that require co-operation in your research? Who are the key players in these stages? Some people may opt to disregard action plan modalities in their action plan projects. What are some of the consequences that may befall them and their research? How different would it be with you by using the modalities? Your solution selling dilemma may be solved by use of action plan research. However, according to Coghlan and Brannick (2010) there are various research action modalities that can be used in your research. Which are these modalities? As you initiate the inquiry, it is important to set up a platform on which your plan would be laid on. However, there are various ways through which such a plan can be introduced to your participants (Greenwood and Levin 2007). What are some of the consideration that you need to have while setting the platform? How would the mode of presenting your plan impact the process? As a sales leader, what are some of the qualities and characteristics would you require in order to facilitate your discussion with your participants? How would these traits and qualities help in facilitating your project? In the effort to finding the solution in the solution selling cycle, it is apparent that apart from cooperative enquiry, your research may require